INFORMING AND INVOLVING EMPLOYEES HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

INFORMING AND INVOLVING EMPLOYEES HRM - Essay ExampleEmployee interest and pastime are two varied terms with two different outcomes. Cox, Marchington and Suter (2009) consider employee involvement and participation (EIP) a loose term as it can give rise to different perceptions of the terms. Different definitions and interpretations have been given of the term EIP which ranges from encouraging commitment to achieve organizational success or exercising influence over their work or personal involvement of organization al workers. According to the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) employee involvement (EI) is defined as a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them (LTSN, n.d.). Employee participation (EP), on the other hand, is a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and w here appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them.Thus employee participation has a direct impact on decision-making whereas employee involvement amounts to support, understanding, commitment and contribution (AC219, n.d.). EI has been identified as a means to secure commitment and high procedure which has resulted in an ontogenesis in the interest in employee involvement and participation. EI has been a major area of growth in the UK since early 1980s. It includes team-working (including self-managed teams), team briefing, downward communications, two-way communications, suggestion schemes, problem-solving groups, and financial participation (including profit-sharing schemes). Performance is a function of ability, motivation and Oppurtunity. This suggests that the selection process should be rigorous and the training systems should be improved to increase the ability levels.

Utilitarianism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Utilitarianism - Coursework ExampleFrom this discussion it is clear that on utilitarian grounds, the individual should be anguish for the good and safety of others, which is noticeably ethical. For a terrorism free world, as a true utilitarian I would vote for the painful torture of the innocent(p) individual. According to utilitarianism, the good of others should come first. Utilitarianism is a concept in normative ethics that views the best moral action as the one that maximises utility. The best and reasoned action in this terrorism case is to save as many lives as possible. However, choosing the option of the innocent individual to be slowly and painfully tormented is not an easy decision to make and is not morally accepted.This paper discusses that the hypothesis of utilitarianism is a basic view of consequences. For that reason, letting one individual die out for the safety of the rest of the world is a justified, permissible, and an even obligatory action. The author tak es on this situation can also be justified through the theory of doctrine of double effect. The doctrine suggests for an act to be morally permissible it has to fit certain criteria and the outcome should favour many. The doctrine also suggests the action is inseparable for evil purpose if it results in beneficial good. According to the give lessons of thought established by Immanuel Kant ,believes that our sense of morality is connected to reason, therefore according school of thought letting the individual face torture is worth if it saves many lives.

Slashing Prices, Stabbing Backs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Slashing Prices, Stabbing Backs - Essay ExampleWal-Mart has been successful in perpetuating their elitist position through the manipulation of media outlets, political groups, and unexclusive policy organizations. They have continually pursued a conflict of interest course by donating money to those that are supposed to produce an unbiased writing on them. On a local level, they have used contacts with other elitists, and political corruption to gain favorable zoning ordinances for their stores. Public policy is often cheated by research on Wal-Mart that is financed by Wal-Mart. These are typical examples of the transgressions made by the power elite as they seek to dominate the lower yres.Wal-Mart has brought meaningful harm to the middle and lower classes. They have exploited gender as well ethnicity in their quest for control. They reveal their own stand when Sally Pipes, a reporter with a financial interest in Wal-Mart, defends the company against a charge of sex discriminat ion by claiming, The case against Wal-Mart, ... follows the standard feminist sort of women as victims, men as villains and large corporations as inherently evil (qtd. Barbaro & Strom, 2006). The reply makes it obvious that they see the world through the lens of strata domination. Meanwhile, Wal-Mart exploits the working class by exporting vast numbers of manufacturing jobs.

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Breast Tumors Coursework

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) in Breast Tumors - Coursework ExampleThus, there is still an ongoing contest as to whether HPV causes breast cancer, and whether HPV vaccines can be used against it as well. Lets look at two journal articles, published in form 2011, to exemplify such issue. Different Findings In the study of Antonsson et al. (2011), the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer wind was determined through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) abstract and sequencing. Briefly, tissue samples were obtained from each of the fifty-four different fresh frozen breast cancer tissues obtained from surgeries at Wesley Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia between 2003 and 2007. The median epoch of these patients were 57 years old, with the age range of 31-88 years. 59% were post-menopausal, 63% were node-negative, and their mean tumour size was 24.3mm. According to the authors, this meant that HPV infection of breast cancer or HPV as an etiological agent fall the metastatic potential o f the tumour. To detect HPV, each sample was mixed with HPV general and type 18-specific primer pairs FAP59/FAP 64. After PCR, amplified products were analyzed using 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis. 50% of the samples were embed to be HPV-positive, specifically of HPV type 18, although the strains were different. Upon analyzing further, HPV-positive breast cancer patients (mean age = 50 y. o.) were found to be younger than the whole group, and HPV positive tumours were also found to be smaller than the another(prenominal)s. Histologically, HPV positive samples (96.3%) were more likely to be ductal than HPV negative ones (85.2%). Aside from PCR, an in situ hybridization was also performed using INFORM HPV III Family 16 probe (B) (Roche Ventana Medical System, Tucson, Arizona) that can detect 16 different cancer-causing HPV types (HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, and 82). However, no HPV were found in the samples using this method. The authors attrib uted this to the lower sensitivity of in situ hybridization as compared to PCR. despite the results, the authors however recognized that their findings failed to determine whether the virus actually caused the breast cancer or it was just a chance passage for all 27 cases. As well, the potential mechanism behind the presence of HPV in the breast was still unanswered. A similar study was also conducted in India by Hedau et al. (2011). Breast tissue and blood samples from two hundred fifty two (252) breast cancer patients were analyzed through PCR using the general MY09/11, GP5+/GP6+ and type 16 specific E6/E7 as primers. The age of the participants were 51.5 16.7, with a range of 25-80 years. 38% were postmenopausal. However, unlike that of Antonnson, the results of Hedaus experiments showed absence of HPV DNA in breast cancer tissues. Social Implications In comparing the results of other similar studies conducted in different countries, Hedau et al. (2011) found that the breast ti ssue samples of a portion of breast cancer patients from Italy, Sweden, China, Brazil, Austria, USA, Greece, Australia, Turkey, Japan, and Mexico were positive in HPV, with China and Mexico having more open results as more than one study have arrived at the same outcome of some breast cancer tissues being HPV-positive. On the other hand, studies in UK, India, Switzerland and France did not find HPV in breast

Life in Pompeii Essay Example for Free

liveness in Pompeii EssayThe amphitheatre was built in 70bc by the magistrates to provide entertain manpowert for the people of Pompeii. The Pompeii amphitheatre is the oldest surviving amphitheatre in the Roman world. The capacity was 24000 and because seats were numbered, single the most important people of Pompeii would be allowed to sit at the front. The amphitheatre was mainly used for games that lasted a week and were funded by the magistrates. While entering the stadium, the people would salute the important dignitaries. Political bearingThe amphitheatre was built by magistrates and events were fully funded by them aswell. Although built for the whole city to enjoy, only special people could sit at the front. Cultural Life The amphitheatre was made from stone and included a parapet that separated the stand from the arena. The parapet was decorated with frescoes of gladiatorial combat which over time throw away been lost. Events that were primarily used at the amphithe atre were gladiatorial battles, hunts, and wild b easternern hemisphere fights. The BasilicaEconomic and Political Life The Basilica was a structure in the Forum where legal and business activities took place. It was built in-between 120bc and 78bc and was 24 by 55 metres in size. The basilica was originally a market but was changed in the first century to become the new law courtsCultural Life The Basilica was covered by a large, double pitched tiled cap and the entrance had five doors with wooden shutters, the large hall was surrounded by twenty eight ionic columns, 11 metres in height. On the west side, stood a two story structure known as the Tribunal which was guarded by a statue of Augustus. The marbel panels on the side walls were decorated in the first mood art and graffiti was found everywhere, not unusual in Pompeii. The BathsEconomic life Just about everyone except slaves and the poor visited the baths as not only was it a place for cleaning but also a social hub. The b aths would be opened at around midday and remained open well into the evening. just about people were accompanied by slaves who assisted them with their cleaning. Political lifePompeii had four main baths, the forum baths, the stabian baths, the central baths and the amphitheatre baths. The stabian baths were the oldest and biggest baths in Pompeii and date as far back as the early 4th century. The baths has a Apodyterium, a frigidarium, a tepiderium, a caldarium, toilets and the stabian baths featured a swimming pool. Usually the baths were divided between men and women and when this wasnt the case, men and women would attend the baths at different times. thither was however mixed bathing in some places.Cultural Life Apart from cleaning, at the baths people also enjoyed physical activity and sport at the palestra. There was also massage, music, poetry, reading and business contacts to be made. Graffiti and wall drawings also depict sexual activity at the baths. Women wore modest clothing and men wore either trunks or bathed naked. The floor was made of square stones and supported brick columns and there was post between the tiles and walls because of the use of the special nipple tiles. The hot air generated from the furnace located at the back of the caldarium would flow up between the tiles and the wall, heating all the rooms. Via Del AbbondanzaThe Via dell Abbondanza was the main street of Pompeii and the main business district of the city. The streetscape had a grid like pattern which although was popular in other roman times, was not simply applied in Pompeii. The street contained stepping stones so that when it had been raining, people didnt have to walk through sewage. There was enough room between stones for wheeled occupation aswell. Deep groove marks in the roads indicate to us that there was alot of wheeled traffic on the road. There were two different roads, the Decumani and the Cardines. The decumani ran east to west and the cardines ran nor th to south. On cross roads there were shrines called nymphaea which were water fountains. Via StabianaThe Via Stabiana stretches from the Porta Stabia to the center of the city. Along this street, on the west side is the Gladiators Barracks and the Odeon. There were stepping stones to allow pedestrians to cross the street without stepping into whatever might be in the street itself. Carriages could still travel along the streets, their wheels passing between the stepping stones.On the east are a number of residences and shops, including a bakery with an oven which is seen as a hole in the wall with a large stone above it. contiguous door is a thermapolium with a counter containing four pottery jars sunk into the counter. Further along on the Via Stabiana is the Domus of Q. Octavius Romulus. Villa of the PapyriThe Villa of the papyri is a large residential complex located on the slope of Vesuvius in Herculaneum. Judging from the size and value of the house, it can be said that the owner of the house was extremely wealthy. Unlike other ancient roman houses, it had its own water supply which in those days was extreme luxury. It was decorated with statues and columns of Greek influence. Praedia of Julia FelixJulia Felix was an extremely wealthy woman from Pompeii who inherited her fortune from family. She owned a large estate which was decorated with floral motifs, statues and scenes of the Nile river aswell as a shrine to Isis the Egyptian goddess.

Dance Moms Essay Example for Free

Dance Moms EssayBefore deciding to do this assignment, other than the clips we watched in class I had never seen the show before. The episode of Dance Moms I watched was actually truly entertaining. The episode I watched was in Season 3. In the episode there was a new girl who joined the competition dance team her name was Nicaya. Of course, she came along with her mom whose name was Caya. Caya wasnt at all like the rest of the moms. She didnt dress anywhere near as proper as the rest of the moms. Shockingly, she was also a lesbian, which really surprised the rest of the moms.Caya felt like her daughter brought Divatude to the dance team, but I mistrust the other parents felt the need for anything close to that. In the beginning, Nicaya didnt know any dance terminology, well at least how to spell them. Abby Miller, the owner of the studio, challenged Nicaya to check up on them in the beginning of the episode, because she was impressed with her dancing ability she still wante d her to stick around. The main drama in the episode was whether Nicaya would take Paiges come in the group performance. Paige had been in a boot for her foot for 4 weeks and had provided got cleared by her doctor to compete again.The hard decision mingled with the two girls created conflict between their moms. Kelly, Paiges mom, seemed to overreact when Abby opinionated to practice them both interchanging them in the routine to see who performed the best. Kelly stormed out of the studio and had several volley of anger throughout the show. Caya didnt handle herself any better she constantly used foul language directed at the other moms. In the end, Abby decided to let all of them perform which lead to a first place performance. My impression of the moms was that they had to all been crazy.The fact that most of them quit their jobs to have their kids dance is ridiculous. Im pretty sure they dont have to go to every practice and sit in the upstairs of the studio. I thought that w as very weird and obsessive. Individually, I think Holly, Nias mom, has her head on the straightest of all the moms. She didnt really speak too much, but she wasnt too quiet. Kelly was definitely the most immature of all the moms with the way she couldnt control her anger. The rest of the moms were just equally as crazy as the rest of the cast. Those I mentioned just stuck out the most.I was probably the most impressed with Abby Miller, because she tries her best to get the most she can from her dancers. I like how she made sure to tell all(prenominal) dancer how important it was that they got the job done. She reminded of a really tough football coach and in my opinion those are the best coaches, because they motivate you to perform at your highest level. If I had a daughter who had dreams of being a dancer, I would love for Abby Miller to be her coach. I know she would turn my daughter into a owing(p) dancer. She teaches discipline and skill. It would also keep my daughter acti ve which would lead to a healthier life.

Business Plan of Dohuk City

Business Plan of Dohuk CityVaheen Hayder OthmanIntroduction and BackgroundDohuk governorate is known as mountain resort destination. It has ancient archaeological sites during each(prenominal) four seasons Dohuk has bonny views which made it to be peerless(prenominal) of the best touristry sector of Kurdistan. The metropolis is the point of joint between three parts of Kurdistan (Syria- Tur depict- Iraq) and so it has a strategic location (About Duhok Governorate, 2014). This governorate is con stancered as one of the most significant and important governorates especially in historical and geographical sides. According to (Shingaly, 2013) because of some points homogeneous (the rapid pace of urbanization, moving from other cities to Duhok and the increasing migration from rural to urban aras) scotch and favorable problems of population are increased. It of necessity commercial projects within the city with a clear programme scheme. The random distribution for commercial us es was due to the lack of a clear plan. Several issues rose from changing the Duhok master plan of land use from residential use to commercial. This affected traffic congestions change of the urban pattern and townscape, less contract of shopping and malls. This essay will lot strategic action plan plans for developing the delivery of the city of Dohuk with adequate developmental programs for the city. Local economic development makes it easy for Counterpart staff and partners to oblige in the process of local economic development planning. This will help stakeholder to find common issues and develop a strategy that will fit key market opportunities. too to identify quick-win projects to generate jobs opportunities, increase local competitiveness and attract more than stakeholders to buy-in (Economic Development Economic Development Government of Yukon, 2014).according to (Ministry of Planning, Kurdistan Region, 2014) There are several factors that has affect or prevents the economic development.The first factor is lack of information and transparency. Dohuks directorates and main offices must dedicate itself to serve people in a clear way. To achieve this, the ministries should follow data and regulations. It will help local employment owners and international investors to make informed decisions that will make economy grow if they have international standards of transparency and accountability. The second issue is inefficient banking schema. Any country or city that wants to be successful in caper and gain economic development needs a modern banking system. The banking system must be connected to world class financial institutions and build credulous relation with investors and moving in men/women. The third factor is instructional system, which is a very important factor that needs to be taken seriously. Educational system must meet the subscribe tos of market economy. It needs to produce the skills and abilities that could help develop econom y. Some certain sectors should be given more attention in assenting of English and Arabic language there should be trainings within these sectors to gain more responsive to the market and local development needs. The last factor is not having a good infrastructure. KRG should upgrade basic infrastructure and invest in it as they are one of the important factors to help economic development. The purpose of this economic development plan is to give a better quality of heart to the citizens of Dohuk city and attract more people to invest in new short letteres. Creating more jobs and developing existing businesses.Mission verbalizementDohuk citys mission is to provide and strengthen the demands of economic market. As the population of the city grows it needs business creation and reducing the rate of unemployment by creating new jobs. Attract foreign companies to invest in the citys development and retain the companies within the city. Also getting support from KRG to help develop t he economy of the city is a major point. If the city can achieve businesses to invest in residential, commercial, industrial and institutional projects, the citizens will be able to enjoy a wide range of various outdoor activities. The mission is to make the city the most desirable stern to live in in the region. The mission is to gain economic and social benefits (Tutor2u.net, 2014). Such as improving living standards it can cause capita income rise and cut in poverty. The accelerator effect of offset on metropolis investment, rising demand and output encourages investment in capital this helps to sustain GDP (Tutor2u.net, 2014). devising the city richer also to have more resources available to spend on public and serving people including environmental benefits. Most important is the Benefits from growth dictated by technological change (Tutor2u.net, 2014).Goal StatementDohuk city is encircled by mountains along the Tigris River. It has a growing tourist industry because of it beautiful stand and view though out the four seasons. The goal is to make Dohuk the main mountain resort destination. This will help economy development of the city, as swell up as financial and none financial support can be important point of this development. The other goals Dohuk city should achieve are, good quality of life for the citizen, better income, increasing the GDP, job creations, increasing investment.Economic Condition of Dohuk City and Recommendations for Economic DevelopmentUrbanAccording to (Mop.krg.org, 2014) the urban population of the Kurdistan Region accounts for 79% of the total population. 41% referees to the three main cities Erbil, Dohuk Sulaymaniyah. But the idea here is that rural structure is suffering from low growth rates mainly in Dohuk and Sulaymaniyah. The population of Dohuk is around 280,40017 inhabitants. They occupies 67.2 square km. The citys expansion to the west is fast and it is close to connect with the district of Sumel. Dohuk has t he capacity to accommodate population growth beyond 2020 because of its vacant land. The plan is to develop the city until 2032. (Mop.krg.org, 2014) suggested these points for economic development of Dohuk city A phasing plan for urban development based on real growth projections. An infrastructure assessment of the existing built up areas to identify gaps in service provision and potential infill capacities. Two priority investment projects the urban upgrading of the informal Gejabara area and the urban rehabilitation of the Dohuk city centerProposed Investment in Regional and UrbanDevelopment Planning 2013-2020 touristry SectorTourism is considered as of the fastest and biggest growing industries in the world. It is an attractive option for emerging markets. Dohuk city is still in the process of developing in tourism sector. it needs to resolve the existing problems such as infrastructure and site restoration as well as protection. This can make tourism to be endorser to the eco nomy of the city. It is important to facilitate access for people, for visitors and for trade including roads, airport, rail, waterways. these high quality transportation is considered as significant support for tourism development. Dohuk has many ancient and beautiful archeological sites and artifacts which attract many visitors, historical treasures are found in these governorate including (caves, ruins and other antique yet to be found). Lets not sink that this city is surrounded with mountains and its variation of weather, wealthy of water makes it the land of agriculture and tourism.Factors that has negative impacts on Dohuk citys tourism developmentUnsuitable roads, voltaic power, solid waste disposal and telecommunications.Inappropriate facilities for tourists , including accommodations, food service, rest and relaxation settings, tourist information centers, and restrooms that meet tourists standards.Problems of land ownershipLack of tourism breeding including trainings, impartshops and tour guides.Security issues, which might not let just anyone from other parts of Iraq to visit the city.Recommendations and plans to develop tourism industry, (Business, 2014) suggests these point to be focused on. settle up adventure tourism program, with skilled and certified peoples in this area, especially in adventure in mountains, rivers and camping.Transportation services, high quality of services for tourists destinations extend agencies, as they are the first stop for everything involved with tourists they must be up to standers.Accommodations. These include hotels, motels, bed and breakfasts, hostels, rental houses, condos and any other place tourists may stay while travellingGuided tours and tour guides. A guided tour service or professional tour guide is a tourism business that specializes in providing informative and entertaining tours through an areas local attractions (Business, 2014).Hospitality.Marketing tourism business using social networking sit es. Set up accounts/pages on take over social networking sites, Advertise in print mediums this will help the market tourism of the city.It is also needed for the Dohuk city to have a proper business plan for any sector of tourism, Explains purpose of the business, name, location, personnel needs, tourism business management staff, market sector, competition, marketing plan and financial projections (Business, 2014). cultureagriculture in Dohuk has been affected by poor government policies, conflict, international sanctions and not having technological and educational advances. There are different kind of tenures in this area. The first one is privet ownership, second is land leased by the governmentand the third one is herniated land. This makes the number of owner unmanageable.According to (Mop.krg.org, 2014) factors that have negative influence on agriculture are as followinglack of good banking, financial services, and insurance industriesunsuitable infrastructureIssues of land tenureAbsence of food, safety, and health standardsLack verdant education, training, and extensionLack of governmental transparency and administrative consistencyPublic Distribution System (food basket)Bloated bureaucracyRecommendation and SolutionsFor land, infrastructure and resources, priority should be given to demythologised policy allowing for private ownership of agricultural lands. Resolving the issue of ownership fragmentation through legislation. Having a law for those lands should be legally restricted for agricultural use only and also to improve water development policy.Creating employable skills and improving infrastructure, should be lowtaken. The city must give attention to improved education and training leading to longer-term private sector employment. Make regular visits or workshop for those who work in agriculture and develop their skills. Formal partnership should be forged between the university schools of agriculture and the Ministry of Agriculture to in crease the knowledge and skills of extension personnel.Rural/Urban Migration to rebuild and develop the rural villages. Make their economic hold better. Providing them with necessary infrastructure such as hospitals and schools. Do what is necessary to facilitate return to the villages and farming.(Economics-exposed.com, 2014) suggests there are some stages where all countries should go through for growth. traditional society, The Pre-conditions for take-off, The Take-off, The Drive to technological maturity and the Age of High Mass Consumption (Economics-exposed.com, 2014). Technology play important role in developing agriculture for those under developed countries to develop.Role of Unemployment and Job creation in economic development of Dohuk CityRate of unemployment in Dohuk is high because creating business is a demand side theory for the growth of economy. Creating new business have advantages such as exporting goods and bringing money to the community, using available resou rces as an input in the production process, and communitys originality remains as its. Enterprise development is another beneficial factor for growth because it will provide jobs for citizens, layoff manufacturing workers, welfare to work requirements, and brings new technology to the market. It called second wave strategy of economic development. According (Koven Lyons, 2010) Job creation development tools are considered as followingFinancing assistance, this refers to the capital for making new business and there are several ways of growth capital such as, small business administration loan programs. other financial assistance is venture and angel capital are two types of financial assistance venture capitalist is puts together funds of venture which is a large pool of capital that rich people invested, from pension funds, insurance companies, and other organization. Angel capitalist is smaller capital injection than venture capitalist, and it demand a smaller equity share of ea ch business.Nonfinancial assistance to the enterprises. Such as, small business development center, business information center, womens business center. Business creation which is a development strategy for the economy of a country is also criticized in terms of quality of life and environmental concerns, social cost and redistribution of wealth.For Dohuk city to lower the rate of unemployment, the city must attract new business and facilitate for international companies to open their branch in the city, further people to make innovation and new ideas, Supporting people with new ideas with financial and nonfinancial issues. This will give chance for more business and less employment as a result.The above sectors are few of many sectors in Dohuk city that helps to develop the economy of the city. By focusing on major points and major boundaries that prevents economic development, resolving these issues and applying the law and policies will make growth of the economy of the city.Ref erencesBusiness, H. (2014). How to Develop a Tourism Business. wikiHow. Retrieved 5 may 2014, from http//www.wikihow.com/Develop-a-Tourism-BusinessEconomics-exposed.com,. (2014). Role Of Agriculture In Economic Development Economics Exposed. Retrieved 5 May 2014, from http//economics-exposed.com/role-of-agriculture-in-economic-development/Mop.krg.org,. (2014). Ministry of Planning, Kurdistan Region. Retrieved 4 May 2014, from http//www.mop.krg.org/Mop.krg.org,. (2014). Ministry of Planning, Kurdistan Region. Retrieved 5 May 2014, from http//www.mop.krg.org/index.jsp?sid=1id=275pid=109Business, H. (2014). How to Develop a Tourism Business. wikiHow. Retrieved 5 May 2014, from http//www.wikihow.com/Develop-a-Tourism-BusinessEconomics-exposed.com,. (2014). Role Of Agriculture In Economic Development Economics Exposed. Retrieved 5 May 2014, from http//economics-exposed.com/role-of-agriculture-in-economic-development/Mop.krg.org,. (2014). Ministry of Planning, Kurdistan Region. Retriev ed 4 May 2014, from http//www.mop.krg.org/Mop.krg.org,. (2014). Ministry of Planning, Kurdistan Region. Retrieved 5 May 2014, from http//www.mop.krg.org/index.jsp?sid=1id=275pid=109Koven, S. Lyons, T. (2010) Economic Development Strategies for state and local practices. ICMA press Washington, D.C.